Indicator Definition: Measures the extent to which the executive respects the constitution and complies with court rulings, and to what extent the judiciary is able to act independently.Scale: 0-1 from low to high constraint.

Indicator Definition: Measures whether the judiciary has the independence and the ability in practice to exercise effective checks on the government. Scale: 0-1, from low to high agreement.

Indicator definition: Measures the extent to which the legislature and government agencies (e.g., comptroller general, general prosecutor, or ombudsman) are capable of questioning, investigating, and exercising oversight over the executive. Scale: 0-1, from low to high constraint.

Indicator Definition: Measures whether the legislative bodies have the ability in practice to exercise effective checks on the government. Scale: 0-1, from low to high agreement.

Indicator Definition: Count of events in which the legislature or judiciary checks the executive branch.

Indicator Definition: Count of events in which the civil service or subnational government units check the central government.

Indicator Definition: Measures whether local and regional governments are elected, and — if so — to what extent they can operate without interference from unelected bodies. Scale: 0-1 ranging from no elected local or regional governments (0) to both being elected and autonomous (1).

Note: The division of power index has an alternative coding available that separates different categories that better describe the combination of local and/or regional government autonomy. Please contact the Democratic Resilience Lab Team for assistance getting this version of the data for your country.

Indicator Definition: Measures the extent to which public sector employees grant favors in exchange for bribes, kickbacks, or other material inducements, and how often they steal, embezzle, or misappropriate public funds or other state resources for personal or family use. Scale: 0-1 where 1 is a high prevalence of corruption.

Indicator definition: Count of coup events, including “successful” coups (targeted incumbents lose power), “disrupted” coup conspiracies, and attempted but “unsuccessful” coups.

Indicator Definition: Captures perceptions and views of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty forms (e.g., bribes) and grand forms of corruption (e.g., state capture). Scale: -2.5-2.5 , where -2.5 indicates high levels of corruption and +2.5 indicates low levels.

Indicator definition: Measures how pervasive corruption is across all three branches of government and the public sector. The measure captures ‘petty’ and ‘grand’ corruption, bribery and theft, and corruption with multiple intentions (“that influencing law making and that affecting implementation”). Scale: 0-1, where 1 indicates high levels of corruption.

Indicator definition: Measures the prevalence of bribery, informal payments, and other inducements in the delivery of public services and the enforcement of regulations. It also measures whether government procurement and public works contracts are awarded through an open and competitive bidding process, and whether government officials at various levels of the executive branch refrain from embezzling public funds. Scale: 0-1, where 1 is completely free of corruption.

Indicator definition: Measures whether members of the legislature refrain from soliciting or accepting bribes or other inducements in exchange for political favors or favorable votes on legislation. Scale: 0-1, where 1 is completely free of corruption.

Indicator definition: Measures whether judges and judicial officials refrain from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform duties or expedite processes, and whether the judiciary and judicial rulings are free of improper influence by the government, private interests, and criminal organizations. Scale: 0-1, where 1 is completely free of corruption.

Indicator definition: A calculation of the degree and the extent of restrictions placed on political competition. Scale: 1 (repressed competition) to 10 (open, institutionalized electoral participation)

Indicator definition: The degree to which opposition candidates/parties or their agents were targeted with violence, intimidation, or harassment by the government or agents of the ruling party. Scale: 0-4, where 0 indicates completely silenced opposition due to intimidation/harassment and 4 indicates no such behavior took place.

Indicator definition: Measures Election Management Body (EMB) autonomy from government to apply election laws and administrative rules impartially in national elections. Scale: 0-4, where 0 is completely controlled by government and 4 is completely independent (ordinal).

Indicator definition: Measures the extent to which the EMB has sufficient staff and resources to administer a well-run national election. Scale: 0-4, where 0 is not at all and 4 is fully adequate.

Indicator definition: Measures the presence or absence of different types of election fraud and irregularities. This can be taken as the overall cleanliness of elections. Scale: 0-1 where 0 is severely flawed elections and 1 is completely clean.

Indicator definition: Overall assessment of the openness of the election cycle. Scale: 0-4.

Indicator definition: Measures the extent to which there was evidence of vote and/or turnout buying in national elections. Scale: 0-4, where 0 indicates widespread payments for votes or turnout and 4 indicates no evidence of such actions.

Indicator definition: Measures the extent to which there was a reasonably accurate voter registry used in national elections. Scale: 0-4, where 0 indicates the registry didn’t exist or wasn’t used and 4 indicates it was used and was accurate.

Indicator definition: Measures the extent to which there was evidence of other intentional irregularities by the incumbent and/or parties, and/or vote fraud. Scale: 0-4, where 0 indicates systematic irregularities were present and 1 indicates there was no evidence of intentional irregularities.

Indicator definition: Measures whether police officers and criminal investigators refrain from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform basic police services or to investigate crimes, and whether government officials in the police and the military are free of improper influence by private interests or criminal organizations. Scale: 0-1, where 0 indicates high levels of corruption in the police and military, and 1 indicates none of these.

Indicator definition: The Corruption Perceptions Index measures public perception of corruption in the public sector in a country. Scale: 0 (worst corruption) - 100 (absence of corruption)

Indicator definition: “Measures whether an independent media, civil society organizations, political parties, and individuals are free to report and comment on government policies without fear of retaliation.” Scale: 0-1, from low to high freedom to report.

Indicator definition: Count of resistance events related to diagonal accountability. Resistance events "counteract [democratic] erosion once it has already begun."

Indicator definition: “Measures whether comptrollers or auditors, as well as national human rights ombudsman agencies, have sufficient independence and the ability to exercise effective checks on and oversight of the government.” Scale: 0-1, from no independence (0) to high autonomy (1).

Indicator definition: Expert assessments of the overall limits placed on web content, including: “legal regulations on content; technical filtering and blocking of websites; other forms of censorship and self-censorship; the vibrancy and diversity of online information space; and the use of digital tools for civic mobilization. Scale: 0-35, where 0 is least free and 35 is the most free content space.

Indicator definition: “Measures whether the police or other government officials conduct physical searches without warrants, or intercept electronic communications of private individuals without judicial authorization.”Scale: 0-1, from high prevalence (0) to absence (1).

Indicator definition: Party-affiliated and independent domestic election monitors were permitted to observe the vote at polling stations across the country for national elections. Scale: Yes, No, No Election.

Indicator definition: International election monitors were permitted to observe national election processes. Scale: Yes, No, No Election.

Indicator definition: In this national election, was the campaign period, election day, and post-election process free from other types (not by the government, the ruling party, or their agents) of violence related to the conduct of the election and the campaigns (but not conducted by the government and its agents)? Scale: 0-4, where 0 indicates high levels of violence throughout the election period and 4 indicates the election period was peaceful on the whole.

Indicator definition: Count of attacks on civilians carried out by non-state actors (rebels, political militia, and identity militia) in a year. For more on these group classifications, see https://acleddata.com/knowledge-base/codebook/#actors.

Indicator definition: GDP growth (annual percentage).

Indicator definition: Percent of the working-age population who are seeking work but not currently working.

Indicator definition: Percent of population living beneath the societal poverty line, a weakly relative measure of poverty set at "$1.15 plus half the median level of consumption in a country, or the international poverty line if $1.15 plus half the median level of consumption is lower than the international poverty line"

Indicator definition: Maternal mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 live births). Scale: 0-100,000.

Indicator definition: A count of the number of people affected by natural disasters, including number of people requiring assistance and number of people killed or missing. Calculated as a sum of number of deaths and number of affected variables.